Which condition is defined by very high protein in urine and low blood protein due to glomerular damage?

Which condition is defined by very high protein in urine and low blood protein due to glomerular damage?

• A. Nephrosis
• B. Uremia
• C. Nephrotic syndrome
• D. Edema

Answer: (C)

When the glomerular filtration barrier is damaged, proteins such as albumin leak into the urine in large amounts, producing heavy proteinuria. Losing proteins from the blood lowers the plasma protein level (hypoalbuminemia), which reduces oncotic pressure and leads to fluid resting in tissues (edema) and other metabolic changes. When proteinuria is in the nephrotic range (very high) and blood protein levels are low due to this loss, the condition described is nephrotic syndrome. Nephrosis is an older term for this same picture, but the current, standard name is nephrotic syndrome. Edema is a common feature, but it is not the defining diagnosis on its own, and uremia points to overall kidney failure with toxin buildup rather than glomerular protein loss.

When the glomerular filtration barrier is damaged, proteins such as albumin leak into the urine in large amounts, producing heavy proteinuria. Losing proteins from the blood lowers the plasma protein level (hypoalbuminemia), which reduces oncotic pressure and leads to fluid resting in tissues (edema) and other metabolic changes. When proteinuria is in the nephrotic range (very high) and blood protein levels are low due to this loss, the condition described is nephrotic syndrome. Nephrosis is an older term for this same picture, but the current, standard name is nephrotic syndrome. Edema is a common feature, but it is not the defining diagnosis on its own, and uremia points to overall kidney failure with toxin buildup rather than glomerular protein loss.